Jurnal Vektor Penyakit (Dec 2018)
Studi Filariasis Pasca Pemberian Obat Pencegahan Massal (POPM) Filariasis Tahap III Kabupaten Muara Enim Provinsi Sumatera Selatan Tahun 2016
Abstract
Abstract Muara Enim is an endemic lymphatic filariasis district in South Sumatera Province. Microfilaria rate reported in 2009 was 10.3%. Filarial prevention mass drug administration (MDA) was simultaneously carried out since 2013. The objectives of the study were to identify the lymphatic filariasis situation (microfilaria rate, history of drugs administration, vector species and larval habitat) after the introduction of third phase filariasis prevention drugs. Study design was cross sectional study, which located in Penanggiran and Cinta Kasih Village, Muara Enim District in 2015. Sampling was done by examination of finger blood at night from 19:00 to 24:00. The history of taking MDA was asked to the villagers > 15 years old that were taken finger blood speciments. The catching of adult mosquitoes was done once by human landing collection method for 12 hours (18.00-06.00). Observation of larvae was conducted in larval breeding habitats.The results found one sample Brugia malayi mikrofilaria species positive of 726 from the sentinel village of sentinel. Microfilarial rate was 0.29%. The dominant mosquito vector species was Culex quinquefasciatus. The mosquito larvae were found in the marsh area. We found only 22% of 537 respondents has been taking the drug three times for three years. Abstrak Muara Enim merupakan daerah endemis filariasis di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Mikrofilaria rate dilaporkan tahun 2009 sebesar 10,3%. Pemberian obat pencegahan massal serentak dilakukan sejak tahun 2013. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui gambaran filariasis (mikrofilaria rate, riwayat minum obat, spesies nyamuk dan habitat larva) pasca-Pemberian Obat Pencegahan Massal (pasca-POPM) filariasis tahap tiga. Desain penelitian studi potong lintang, lokasi penelitian di Desa Penanggiran dan Cinta Kasih. Pengambilan sampel dengan cara pemeriksaan darah jari pada malam hari dimulai pukul 19.00-24.00 WIB terhadap seluruh penduduk desa yang datang pada saat survei darah jari (SDJ). Riwayat minum obat pencegahan ditanyakan pada penduduk yang diambil spesimen darah jari berumur >15 tahun. Penangkapan nyamuk dewasa dilakukan masing-masing satu kali di desa lokasi penelitian dengan metode human landing collection selama 12 jam (18.00–06.00 WIB). Pengamatan dan pencidukan larva pada habitat perkembangbiakan larva. Hasil pemeriksaan darah terhadap 726 orang ditemukan satu orang positif mikrofilaria dengan spesies Brugia malayi dengan Mf rate sebesar 0,29%. Frekuensi minum obat massal filariasis selama tiga tahun POPM dari 537 responden hanya sebesar 22,0%. Spesies nyamuk yang dominan ditemukan Culex quinquefasciatus. Larva nyamuk vektor filariasis ditemukan di rawa. Disarankan sosialisasi, pentingnya minum obat pencegahan filariasis dan peningkatan praktik pencegahan untuk mengurangi kontak dengan nyamuk.
Keywords
