Cyclopamine analogs bearing exocyclic methylenes are highly potent and acid-stable inhibitors of hedgehog signaling

Abstract

The chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of new cyclopamine analogs bearing exocyclic methylenes in different positions is described. Bis-exo-cyclopamine 6 was identified as a potent inhibitor of the Gli1-dependent luciferase expression in Shh-LIGHTII cells. An extension of this study to F-ring-modified structures shows the necessity of a rigidly positioned nitrogen atom for bioactivity as well as the presence of the C21 methyl group for acid stability and bioactivity.

Keywords

• cyclopamine
• hedgehog signaling pathway
• natural products
• steroidal alkaloids
• structure–activity relationship