Atmosphere (Feb 2021)
Overview of the French Operational Network for In Situ Observation of PM Chemical Composition and Sources in Urban Environments (CARA Program)
- Olivier Favez,
- Samuël Weber,
- Jean-Eudes Petit,
- Laurent Y. Alleman,
- Alexandre Albinet,
- Véronique Riffault,
- Benjamin Chazeau,
- Tanguy Amodeo,
- Dalia Salameh,
- Yunjiang Zhang,
- Deepchandra Srivastava,
- Abdoulaye Samaké,
- Robin Aujay-Plouzeau,
- Arnaud Papin,
- Nicolas Bonnaire,
- Carole Boullanger,
- Mélodie Chatain,
- Florie Chevrier,
- Anaïs Detournay,
- Marta Dominik-Sègue,
- Raphaële Falhun,
- Céline Garbin,
- Véronique Ghersi,
- Guillaume Grignion,
- Gilles Levigoureux,
- Sabrina Pontet,
- Jérôme Rangognio,
- Shouwen Zhang,
- Jean-Luc Besombes,
- Sébastien Conil,
- Gaëlle Uzu,
- Joël Savarino,
- Nicolas Marchand,
- Valérie Gros,
- Caroline Marchand,
- Jean-Luc Jaffrezo,
- Eva Leoz-Garziandia
Affiliations
- Olivier Favez
- Institut National De L’environnement Industriel et Des Risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- Samuël Weber
- Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE, UMR 5001), CNRS, IRD, INP-G, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Jean-Eudes Petit
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE), CNRS-CEA-UVSQ (UMR 8212), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laurent Y. Alleman
- Laboratoire Central de Surveillance de la Qualité de l’Air (LCSQA), 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- Alexandre Albinet
- Institut National De L’environnement Industriel et Des Risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- Véronique Riffault
- Laboratoire Central de Surveillance de la Qualité de l’Air (LCSQA), 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- Benjamin Chazeau
- Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, LCE (UMR7376), 13007 Marseille, France
- Tanguy Amodeo
- Institut National De L’environnement Industriel et Des Risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- Dalia Salameh
- Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE, UMR 5001), CNRS, IRD, INP-G, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Yunjiang Zhang
- Institut National De L’environnement Industriel et Des Risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- Deepchandra Srivastava
- Institut National De L’environnement Industriel et Des Risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- Abdoulaye Samaké
- Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE, UMR 5001), CNRS, IRD, INP-G, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Robin Aujay-Plouzeau
- Institut National De L’environnement Industriel et Des Risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- Arnaud Papin
- Institut National De L’environnement Industriel et Des Risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- Nicolas Bonnaire
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE), CNRS-CEA-UVSQ (UMR 8212), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Carole Boullanger
- Madininair, 97200 Fort-de-France, Martinique, France
- Mélodie Chatain
- Atmo Grand Est, 67300 Schiltigheim, France
- Florie Chevrier
- Atmo Nouvelle-Aquitaine, 33692 Mérignac, France
- Anaïs Detournay
- Atmo Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
- Marta Dominik-Sègue
- Atmo Normandie, 76000 Rouen, France
- Raphaële Falhun
- Air Breizh, 35200 Rennes, France
- Céline Garbin
- Gwadair, 97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France
- Véronique Ghersi
- Airparif, 75004 Paris, France
- Guillaume Grignion
- Qualitair Corse, 20250 Corte, France
- Gilles Levigoureux
- Air Pays de la Loire, 44300 Nantes, France
- Sabrina Pontet
- Atmo Auvergne Rhône-Alpes, 69500 Bron, France
- Jérôme Rangognio
- Lig’Air, 45590 Saint-Cyr-en-Val, France
- Shouwen Zhang
- Atmo Hauts de France, 59044 Lille, France
- Jean-Luc Besombes
- CNRS, EDYTEM (UMR5204), Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, 73000 Chambéry, France
- Sébastien Conil
- ANDRA, DRD/GES Observatoire Pérenne de l’Environnement, 55290 Bure, France
- Gaëlle Uzu
- Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE, UMR 5001), CNRS, IRD, INP-G, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Joël Savarino
- Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE, UMR 5001), CNRS, IRD, INP-G, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Nicolas Marchand
- Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, LCE (UMR7376), 13007 Marseille, France
- Valérie Gros
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE), CNRS-CEA-UVSQ (UMR 8212), 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Caroline Marchand
- Institut National De L’environnement Industriel et Des Risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- Jean-Luc Jaffrezo
- Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE, UMR 5001), CNRS, IRD, INP-G, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Eva Leoz-Garziandia
- Institut National De L’environnement Industriel et Des Risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata BP2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020207
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 12,
no. 2
p. 207
Abstract
The CARA program has been running since 2008 by the French reference laboratory for air quality monitoring (LCSQA) and the regional monitoring networks, to gain better knowledge—at a national level—on particulate matter (PM) chemistry and its diverse origins in urban environments. It results in strong collaborations with international-level academic partners for state-of-the-art, straightforward, and robust results and methodologies within operational air quality stakeholders (and subsequently, decision makers). Here, we illustrate some of the main outputs obtained over the last decade, thanks to this program, regarding methodological aspects (both in terms of measurement techniques and data treatment procedures) as well as acquired knowledge on the predominant PM sources. Offline and online methods are used following well-suited quality assurance and quality control procedures, notably including inter-laboratory comparison exercises. Source apportionment studies are conducted using various receptor modeling approaches. Overall, the results presented herewith underline the major influences of residential wood burning (during the cold period) and road transport emissions (exhaust and non-exhaust ones, all throughout the year), as well as substantial contributions of mineral dust and primary biogenic particles (mostly during the warm period). Long-range transport phenomena, e.g., advection of secondary inorganic aerosols from the European continental sector and of Saharan dust into the French West Indies, are also discussed in this paper. Finally, we briefly address the use of stable isotope measurements (δ15N) and of various organic molecular markers for a better understanding of the origins of ammonium and of the different organic aerosol fractions, respectively.
Keywords