Antioxidants (Nov 2019)

Associations between Dietary Polyphenols and Type 2 Diabetes in a Cross-Sectional Analysis of the PREDIMED-Plus Trial: Role of Body Mass Index and Sex

  • Anna Tresserra-Rimbau,
  • Sara Castro-Barquero,
  • Facundo Vitelli-Storelli,
  • Nerea Becerra-Tomas,
  • Zenaida Vázquez-Ruiz,
  • Andrés Díaz-López,
  • Dolores Corella,
  • Olga Castañer,
  • Dora Romaguera,
  • Jesús Vioque,
  • Ángel María Alonso-Gómez,
  • Julia Wärnberg,
  • José Alfredo Martínez,
  • Lluís Serra-Majem,
  • Ramon Estruch,
  • Francisco José Tinahones,
  • José Lapetra,
  • Xavier Pintó,
  • Josep Antoni Tur,
  • José López-Miranda,
  • Laura García-Molina,
  • Miguel Delgado-Rodríguez,
  • Pilar Matía-Martín,
  • Lidia Daimiel,
  • María Rubín-García,
  • Josep Vidal,
  • Alba Galdon,
  • Emilio Ros,
  • Francisco Javier Basterra-Gortari,
  • Nancy Babio,
  • José Vicente Sorlí,
  • Álvaro Hernáez,
  • Jadwiga Konieczna,
  • Leyre Notario-Barandiaran,
  • Lucas Tojal-Sierra,
  • Jessica Pérez-López,
  • Itziar Abete,
  • Jacqueline Álvarez-Pérez,
  • José Carlos Fernández-García,
  • José Manuel Santos-Lozano,
  • Ana Galera-Cusí,
  • Alicia Julibert,
  • Miguel Ruiz-Canela,
  • Raul Martinez-Lacruz,
  • Karla-Alejandra Pérez-Vega,
  • Aina María Galmes-Panades,
  • Concepción Pastor-Polo,
  • Anai Moreno-Rodriguez,
  • Alfredo Gea,
  • Montserrat Fitó,
  • Rosa María Lamuela-Raventós,
  • Jordi Salas-Salvadó

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8110537
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 8, no. 11
p. 537

Abstract

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Overweight and obesity are important risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Moving towards healthier diets, namely, diets rich in bioactive compounds, could decrease the odds of suffering T2D. However, those individuals with high body mass index (BMI) may have altered absorption or metabolism of some nutrients and dietary components, including polyphenols. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether high intakes of some classes of polyphenols are associated with T2D in a population with metabolic syndrome and how these associations depend on BMI and sex. This baseline cross-sectional analysis includes 6633 participants from the PREDIMED-Plus trial. Polyphenol intakes were calculated from food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Cox regression models with constant time at risk and robust variance estimators were used to estimate the prevalence ratios (PRs) for polyphenol intake and T2D prevalence using the lowest quartile as the reference group. Analyses were stratified by sex and BMI groups (overweight and obese) to evaluate potential effect modification. Catechins, proanthocyanidins, hydroxybenzoic acids, and lignans were inversely associated with T2D. Hydroxycinnamic acids were directly related in men. These associations were different depending on sex and BMI, that is, women and overweight obtained stronger inverse associations.

Keywords