Radio Physics and Radio Astronomy (Mar 2019)
THE UNIVERSE RADIO EMISSION AT DECAMETER WAVELENGTHS (by the materials of a series of works awarded by the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology in 2018)
Abstract
Purpose: The abstract presentation and review of the works of the last 40 years in the field of low-frequency radio astronomy and a summary of their main scientific and technical results, which have been awarded the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology for 2018. Design methodology/approach: Unique domestic tools and methods of observation were used for complex long-term experimental and theoretical studies of a large sample of the Universe objects in the range of decameter–meter radio waves. Findings: High-informative capabilities of low-frequency (8 to 80 MHz) radio astronomy studies of the Solar System, Galaxy and Metagalaxy, which have allowed one to detect and study new astrophysical objects and phenomena, to build and refine their models and mechanisms of cosmic radio emission are shown. Conclusions: Based on the creation, modernization and use of the world-largest decameter–meter wave radio telescopes UTR-2, URAN, GURT, a large amount of priority scientific and technical results and fundamental discoveries have been obtained in recent decades. New objects and phenomena, radio emission mechanisms, previously unknown energy, spatial, frequency, time, and polarization parameters of signals, which change in an unexpectedly large range of values have been discovered. The means, methods and results of domestic radio astronomy are well known and recognized in the scientific world, they are in-dispensable, fully demanded and actively used in international studies. The presented cycle of works, the obtained results and the award of the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology confirm and develop the priority of Ukraine in one of the most relevant areas of modern astronomical science – low-frequency radio astronomy.
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