O conceito de “pioneiro” na Geografia, na contraposição de estudos sobre expansão cafeeira e a citrícola

Abstract

In this article we intend to present the discussion over concepts such as pioneer “front”, “zone” or “fringe”, in contrast to that of “expansion front”, within the process of occupying the countryside (sertoes) of Brazilian State of São Paulo, and opposing to the citrus expansion. We suggest an explanation of different stages of the capital territorialization process, elaborating a criticism of modernization perspectives and/or those which regard the civilizatory process occurred as positive. To do such, we analyze Leo Waibel, Pierre Monbeig, Orlando Valverde and other geographers’s texts. Finally, we stand to a position towards the comprehension of the capital accumulation in the frontier’s adverse conditions of expropriation.

Keywords

• pioneer front; labor mobility; expropriation; dualism; coffee plantation; citrus.