Single Ventricle—A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

In this paper, the author enumerates cardiac defects with a functionally single ventricle, summarizes single ventricle physiology, presents a summary of management strategies to address the single ventricle defects, goes over the steps of staged total cavo-pulmonary connection, cites the prevalence of inter-stage mortality, names the causes of inter-stage mortality, discusses strategies to address the inter-stage mortality, reviews post-Fontan issues, and introduces alternative approaches to Fontan circulation.

Keywords

• single ventricle
• double-inlet left ventricle
• hypoplastic left heart syndrome
• tricuspid atresia
• unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect
• mitral atresia with normal aortic root