Analyses of Experimental Dental Adhesives Based on Zirconia/Silver Phosphate Nanoparticles
Abdul Samad Khan,
Yasmin Alhamdan,
Hala Alibrahim,
Khalid S. Almulhim,
Muhammad Nawaz,
Syed Zubairuddin Ahmed,
Khalid Aljuaid,
Ijlal Shahrukh Ateeq,
Sultan Akhtar,
Mohammad Azam Ansari,
Intisar Ahmad Siddiqui
Affiliations
Abdul Samad Khan
Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
Yasmin Alhamdan
College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
Hala Alibrahim
College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
Khalid S. Almulhim
Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
Muhammad Nawaz
Department of Nano-Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
Syed Zubairuddin Ahmed
Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
Khalid Aljuaid
College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
Ijlal Shahrukh Ateeq
Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
Sultan Akhtar
Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
Mohammad Azam Ansari
Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institutes for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
Intisar Ahmad Siddiqui
Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
This study aimed to evaluate the incorporation of zirconia/silver phosphate nanoparticles to develop experimental dental adhesives and to measure their physical and mechanical properties. The nanoparticles were synthesized by the sonication method, and the phase purity, morphological pattern, and antibacterial properties with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were assessed. The silanized nanoparticles were incorporated (0, 0.15, 0.25, and 0.5 wt.%) into the photoactivated dimethacrylate resins. The degree of conversion (DC) was assessed, followed by the micro-hardness and flexural strength/modulus test. Long-term color stability was investigated. The bond strength with the dentin surface was conducted on days 1 and 30. The transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffractogram confirmed the nano-structure and phase purity of the particles. The nanoparticles showed antibacterial activities against both strains and inhibited biofilm formation. The DC range of the experimental groups was 55–66%. The micro-hardness and flexural strength increased with the concentration of nanoparticles in the resin. The 0.5 wt.% group showed significantly high micro-hardness values, whereas a non-significant difference was observed between the experimental groups for flexural strength. The bond strength was higher on day 1 than on day 30, and a significant difference was observed between the two periods. At day 30, the 0.5 wt.% showed significantly higher values compared to other groups. Long-term color stability was observed for all the samples. The experimental adhesives showed promising results and potential to be used for clinical applications. However, further investigations such as antibacterial, penetration depth, and cytocompatibility are required.
