Bioavailability of Supplemented Free Oleanolic Acid and Cyclodextrin–Oleanolic Acid in Growing Pigs, and Effects on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Plasma Metabolites
Manuel Lachica,
Isabel Borrás-Linares,
Thays Helena Borges,
Rosa Nieto,
Isabel Seiquer,
Consolación García-Contreras,
Luis Lara,
David Arráez-Román,
Antonio Segura-Carretero,
José María Pinilla,
José Carlos Quintela,
Ignacio Fernández-Fígares
Affiliations
Manuel Lachica
Department of Nutrition and Sustainable Animal Production, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, San Miguel 101, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
Isabel Borrás-Linares
Research and Development Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), Edificio Bioregión, Avenida del Conocimiento, 37, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain
Thays Helena Borges
Department of Nutrition and Sustainable Animal Production, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, San Miguel 101, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
Rosa Nieto
Department of Nutrition and Sustainable Animal Production, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, San Miguel 101, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
Isabel Seiquer
Department of Nutrition and Sustainable Animal Production, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, San Miguel 101, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
Consolación García-Contreras
Department of Nutrition and Sustainable Animal Production, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, San Miguel 101, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
Luis Lara
Department of Nutrition and Sustainable Animal Production, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, San Miguel 101, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
David Arráez-Román
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
Antonio Segura-Carretero
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
Oleanolic acid (OLA) has beneficial health effects in animals, but in vivo efficacy in monogastric animals is questioned due to its low bioavailability. To gain further insight on the nutritional effects of OLA it was administered as part of a diet. We investigated digestibility and plasma OLA in pigs and the associated influence on growth, organs, digestibility of nutrients and plasma biochemical profile. Twenty-four crossbred barrows (23.7 ± 1.0 kg BW) were assigned one of three treatments: Control (basal diet without OLA), OLA-1 (basal diet with 260 mg/free OLA) and OLA-2 (basal diet with 260 mg/kg cyclodextrin-OLA). Diets included chromium oxide to estimate digestibility. Blood samples were collected on day 14 for OLA analysis and feces on days 22–24 for determining digestibility. Pigs were slaughtered on day 31 (39.9 ± 2.43 kg BW) and their blood collected for analysis. Growth and organ weights were not affected (p > 0.05). OLA-1 decreased apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy (p p p p p p = 0.083). In conclusion, although the OLA was digested and absorbed, plasma concentration was low (4.29 µg/L), and pig growth, organs and plasma parameters were not affected.
