Viruses (Jun 2021)
Epidemiology of the Rhinovirus (RV) in African and Southeast Asian Children: A Case-Control Pneumonia Etiology Study
- Vicky L. Baillie,
- David P. Moore,
- Azwifarwi Mathunjwa,
- Henry C. Baggett,
- Abdullah Brooks,
- Daniel R. Feikin,
- Laura L. Hammitt,
- Stephen R. C. Howie,
- Maria Deloria Knoll,
- Karen L. Kotloff,
- Orin S. Levine,
- Katherine L. O’Brien,
- Anthony G. Scott,
- Donald M. Thea,
- Martin Antonio,
- Juliet O. Awori,
- Amanda J. Driscoll,
- Nicholas S. S. Fancourt,
- Melissa M. Higdon,
- Ruth A. Karron,
- Susan C. Morpeth,
- Justin M. Mulindwa,
- David R. Murdoch,
- Daniel E. Park,
- Christine Prosperi,
- Mohammed Ziaur Rahman,
- Mustafizur Rahman,
- Rasheed A. Salaudeen,
- Pongpun Sawatwong,
- Somwe Wa Somwe,
- Samba O. Sow,
- Milagritos D. Tapia,
- Eric A. F. Simões,
- Shabir A. Madhi
Affiliations
- Vicky L. Baillie
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- David P. Moore
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- Azwifarwi Mathunjwa
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- Henry C. Baggett
- Division of Global Health Protection, Thailand Ministry of Public Health–U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
- Abdullah Brooks
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Daniel R. Feikin
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Laura L. Hammitt
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Stephen R. C. Howie
- Medical Research Council Unit at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Basse 273, The Gambia
- Maria Deloria Knoll
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Karen L. Kotloff
- Division of Infectious Disease and Tropical Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Orin S. Levine
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Katherine L. O’Brien
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Anthony G. Scott
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi 80108, Kenya
- Donald M. Thea
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Martin Antonio
- Medical Research Council Unit at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Basse 273, The Gambia
- Juliet O. Awori
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi 80108, Kenya
- Amanda J. Driscoll
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Nicholas S. S. Fancourt
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Melissa M. Higdon
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Ruth A. Karron
- Department of International Health, Center for Immunization Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Susan C. Morpeth
- Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi 80108, Kenya
- Justin M. Mulindwa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka 50110, Zambia
- David R. Murdoch
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
- Daniel E. Park
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Christine Prosperi
- Department of International Health, International Vaccine Access Center, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Mohammed Ziaur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka and Matlab, Bangladesh
- Mustafizur Rahman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka and Matlab, Bangladesh
- Rasheed A. Salaudeen
- Medical Research Council Unit at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Basse 273, The Gambia
- Pongpun Sawatwong
- Division of Global Health Protection, Thailand Ministry of Public Health–U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
- Somwe Wa Somwe
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka 50110, Zambia
- Samba O. Sow
- Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins (CVD-Mali), Bamako 198, Mali
- Milagritos D. Tapia
- Division of Infectious Disease and Tropical Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Eric A. F. Simões
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- Shabir A. Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071249
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 13,
no. 7
p. 1249
Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) is commonly detected in asymptomatic children; hence, its pathogenicity during childhood pneumonia remains controversial. We evaluated RV epidemiology in HIV-uninfected children hospitalized with clinical pneumonia and among community controls. PERCH was a case-control study that enrolled children (1–59 months) hospitalized with severe and very severe pneumonia per World Health Organization clinical criteria and age-frequency-matched community controls in seven countries. Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs were collected for all participants, combined, and tested for RV and 18 other respiratory viruses using the Fast Track multiplex real-time PCR assay. RV detection was more common among cases (24%) than controls (21%) (aOR = 1.5, 95%CI:1.3–1.6). This association was driven by the children aged 12–59 months, where 28% of cases vs. 18% of controls were RV-positive (aOR = 2.1, 95%CI:1.8–2.5). Wheezing was 1.8-fold (aOR 95%CI:1.4–2.2) more prevalent among pneumonia cases who were RV-positive vs. RV-negative. Of the RV-positive cases, 13% had a higher probability (>75%) that RV was the cause of their pneumonia based on the PERCH integrated etiology analysis; 99% of these cases occurred in children over 12 months in Bangladesh. RV was commonly identified in both cases and controls and was significantly associated with severe pneumonia status among children over 12 months of age, particularly those in Bangladesh. RV-positive pneumonia was associated with wheezing.
Keywords
