Gender Imbalance in Science: Analytical Overview and Best Global Practices

Abstract

The research aims to conduct an analytical overview of advanced international practices in identifying gender imbalances in scientific research activities to develop recommendations for Kazakhstan. In the article, the authors examine advanced foreign strategies and approaches, including the establishment of a goal-setting system, policies, and monitoring support programs (i.e., preferential hiring policies, professional development, and incentives for gender equality research). The study analyzes the strategic directions and advanced practices of foreign countries based on the use of the STEM and Gender Advancement indicator matrix, as well as conducting a bibliographic analysis using the VosViewer soſtware. The bibliographic analysis identified the following cluster networks: “Science and Research,” “Gender Inequality,” and “Employment and Gender Segregation.” The research work investigates advanced practices from Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Iceland, Germany, Canada, Australia, Kuwait, Egypt, and Algeria in addressing gender imbalances in the scientific environment. Among the identified practices are mentoring programs, quota allocations, improved research funding, and legislative changes. During the analysis, advanced practices were identified for potential adaptation to Kazakhstan’s conditions in the future.

Keywords

• gender
• gender economy
• gender imbalance
• disparity
• women
• science
• female researcher
• human capital
• management