Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) as Alternative Sustainable Media for the Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Winemaking Industry Wastes
Vincenzo Roselli,
Rosalba Leuci,
Gianluca Pugliese,
Alexia Barbarossa,
Antonio Laghezza,
Marco Paparella,
Alessia Carocci,
Vincenzo Tufarelli,
Lucia Gambacorta,
Luca Piemontese
Affiliations
Vincenzo Roselli
Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Palazzo “V. Tortorella”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
Rosalba Leuci
Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Palazzo “V. Tortorella”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
Gianluca Pugliese
Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
Alexia Barbarossa
Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Palazzo “V. Tortorella”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
Antonio Laghezza
Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Palazzo “V. Tortorella”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
Marco Paparella
Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Palazzo “V. Tortorella”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
Alessia Carocci
Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Palazzo “V. Tortorella”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
Vincenzo Tufarelli
Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
Lucia Gambacorta
Institute of Science of Food Production—ISPA, Research National Council—CNR, Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
Luca Piemontese
Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Palazzo “V. Tortorella”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
The increasing pollution and wastage of food and byproducts from agro-industrial production is an increasingly worrying issue. Grape is one of the most diffused fruit crops cultivated, and grape pomace is the main solid byproduct obtained in the winemaking process; interestingly, it is rich in health-beneficial bioactive molecules. In order to recover these molecules, in this work, a green method has been developed, considering two grape pomaces from different cultivars, namely, Petit Verdot and Cabernet Sauvignon. The extraction procedure, as the first step of this process, was carried out with seven selected deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Then, analysis using HPLC-DAD allowed the detection and quantification of eight out of fifteen different phenolic compounds under examination in the extracts produced, including three quercetin glucosides. The evaluation of antioxidant activity, through the DPPH photometric assay, led to the selection of choline chloride/urea 1:2 + 40% water DES extracts as the extracts with the most promising results. Moreover, significant antibacterial activity was also achieved, in particular, for the betaine/lactic acid 1:4 + 40% water DES extract. Further studies will employ this method for numerous cultivars of grape pomaces with the ambitious aim of the production of polyphenol-enriched food and feed supplements.
