Peripheral Arterial Diseases in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-sectional Study Using Ankle-Brachial Index

Abstract

Introduction: India is fast emerging the diabetes capital of the world. Diabetic patients are at high risk for Peripheral Arterial Diseases (PAD). It is a major risk factor for lower extremity amputation and is also accompanied by high likelihood of systemic cardiovascular disease and stroke. Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) measurement using a hand held Doppler and sphygmomanometer is a simple, non invasive, reproducible and economical tool to diagnose PAD. An ABI 0.9) and 24 (29.3%) patients had a decreased ABI (<0.9). Among these 24 patients, 18 patients (22%) had mild PAD, five patients (6.1%) had moderate PAD and one patient (1.2%) had severe PAD. The prevalence of PAD was 29.3% (19.25-39.35, 95% confidence interval). Conclusion: ABI is a good screening tool for identifying asymptomatic PAD in diabetic patients, which aids in reduction of lower extremity amputations and prevention of ischaemic cardiovascular disease associated with PAD.

Keywords

• hyperglycaemia
• macrovascular complications
• microvascular complications