Abstracts

Abstract

Introduction of some of the ecological and silvicultural Characteristics of the forest areas of Kermanshah province Abstract Climate, plant and soil diversity during ecological development, resulted in complex ecosystems at Zagros zone of Iran. Different forest types diversity from north to south of Zagros, is a good evidence for that case. The importance and the critical role of this ecosystem on economical, social and environmental prospectives of the country, makes it essential to study and investigate the zone comprehensively. However, investigation on relationship between plant cover and the ecological factors which affect the zone, can lead to a better knowledge of the zone. In vestigation on tree, shrub and grass species autecology at these forest is highly important in order to identify forest distribution of the province according to climate diversity, the climate map (according to the important climate method of de Martonne) was matched with the topographical map of Iran, then controlled by forest walking. The tree, shrub and herb species characteristics and some of the edaphic and topographical parameters were studied using 126 macro plots (500 m2) and 630 micro plots (105 m2), the sampling plots were located on contour lines at loo m. altitude intervals. Overall, 13 forest sites at six climate types were identified, based on the applied research parameters, dominant slope direction and 1000 m. distance between the sample plots at each contour line, including: Bayangan & Gahvareh with cold humid climate, Islam – Abade – garb, Darbadam and Geomarg with semi – humid cold climate Tazehbad with very humid cold climate, Ghalajeh with semi humid ultra cold climate, Javanrood with 2 climate types; humid temperate and humid cold and finally five sites: Chaharzbar, Harrasam, Sarv -e- no, Sarpole - e - zahab and Qeymas with semi dry cold climate. Moreovoer, it was identified that: The greatest and the lowest density of the tree and shrub species belonged to Harrasam (semi – arid cold climate) and Galajeh (semi – humid ultra – cold climate), respectively. The highest and the lowest density of the seed origin forests, belonged to Tazeabad (very humid cold climate) and Sarv-e – no (semi – arid cold climate), respectively. The greatest and the lowest percentage of forest crown cover belonged to humid cold and humid temperate climates of Javanroud, respectively. Key words: Ecosystem, Zagros forests, Kermanshah, silviculture, Ecology. Height growth behavior of Poplar clones in Kurdistan Abstract In this study, saplings of eight poplar clones from six species including (Populustrichocarpa, P. nigra cv. Kamyaran, P.n.56.72, P.deltoides 63.3, P.euramericana 488, P. alba cv. Kabudeh Bumi, P. a cv. Kabudeh Shirazi and P. euphratica)have been evaluated for height growth in Zalleh station of Sanandaj in Kurdistan province. Based on nested design with eight treatments and 10 replicates, the study was carried out in 2001. The results showed that there was significant difference between the species height performance P.d.63.3 (234.4 cm) and P.euphratica (78.8 cm) greatest had the and the lowest height growth, respectively. Based on the results, there were three different growing season stages for height growths in poplars, including: 1-primary slow growth stage prior June, 2-fast growth stage during June - September and 3-secondry slow growth stage after September. The daily height growth rate of the poplar clones in mentioned stages were 25.77, 101.57 and 14.52 cm, respectively. P.d.63.3 as a superior clone among the other clones, had low growth at the first and the third stages but very high growth at the second stage. P. Trichocarpa finished the third second stage earlier than the others at July and P.e.488 showed high growth at the first and stages, but low growth at the second stage. Considering climate condition of Sanandaj in 2001, the studied Poplar clones began the first stage at average daily temperature of 13ºC and average photo radiation period of hour per month (h/m), as well as the second stage at 25 ºC and 370 h/m and the third stage at 10 ºC and 220 h/m. Key words: Poplar, Populus, clone, Height growth, climate, radiation Effect of environmental conditions on survival of Capparis decidua seedlings Abstract Ripe fruits of Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew.were collected from the species natural habitat in Sirik at Hormozgan Province (June, 2001). After rubbing and washing the seeds, they were sowed in a nursery in order to test the seeds germination and the seedlings survival. The statistical method was factorial with completely randomized design, consisting of two factors. The first factor was seed treatments which consisted of four levels (12 hours soaking in concentrated sulphuric acid, 45 minutes soaking in concentrated sulphuric acid and full fruit sowing). The second factor was soil mix treatments which consisted of 12 levels (sand, garden soil, clay manure and natural habitat soil). Moreover, correlation between climate parameters (temperature, relative humidity % and monthly evaporation) and edaphic parameters (organic matter %, sand % slit % and clay %) on one hand seedlings survival % on another hand were studied. The results showed that the effects of seed and soil mix treatments on seedling survival were significant (p