Leg oedema—A diagnostic approach

Abstract

Oedema results from excess accumulation of interstitial fluid and produces palpable swelling. Its major causes include venous obstruction, increased capillary permeability, and increased plasma volume secondary to sodium and water retention. The causes of oedema vary depending upon the age and sex of the patient. The most likely cause of leg oedema in older patients is venous insufficiency. In India, probably the commonest cause of oedema, especially in women, is anaemia. Lifestyle and dietary modification, in conjunction with pharmacotherapy, are useful in long-term management. The treatment includes sodium restriction, the use of diuretics, and appropriate management of the underlying disorder.

Keywords

• oedema
• interstitial fluids
• venous obstruction
• capillary permeability
• plasma volume
• anaemia
• sodium restriction