Ameliorated Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties by <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
Narasimhamurthy Konappa,
Arakere C. Udayashankar,
Nirmaladevi Dhamodaran,
Soumya Krishnamurthy,
Shubha Jagannath,
Fazilath Uzma,
Chamanahalli Kyathegowda Pradeep,
Savitha De Britto,
Srinivas Chowdappa,
Sudisha Jogaiah
Affiliations
Narasimhamurthy Konappa
Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru 560 056, Karnataka, India
Arakere C. Udayashankar
Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570 006, Karnataka, India
Nirmaladevi Dhamodaran
Department of Microbiology, Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Bangalore 560 054, Karnataka, India
Soumya Krishnamurthy
Department of Microbiology, Field Marshal K. M. Cariappa College, A Constituent College of Mangalore University, Madikeri 571 201, Karnataka, India
Shubha Jagannath
Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru 560 056, Karnataka, India
Fazilath Uzma
Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru 560 056, Karnataka, India
Chamanahalli Kyathegowda Pradeep
Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570 006, Karnataka, India
Savitha De Britto
Laboratory of Plant Healthcare and Diagnostics, PG Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, Karnataka, India
Srinivas Chowdappa
Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bengaluru 560 056, Karnataka, India
Sudisha Jogaiah
Laboratory of Plant Healthcare and Diagnostics, PG Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580 003, Karnataka, India
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using beneficial Trichoderma harzianum is a simple, eco-friendly and cost-effective route. Secondary metabolites secreted by T. harzianum act as capping and reducing agents that can offer constancy and can contribute to biological activity. The present study aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles using T. harzianum cell filtrate and investigate different bioactive metabolites based on LC-MS/MS analysis. The synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from T. harzianum were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface plasmon resonance of synthesized particles formed a peak centered near 438 nm. The DLS study determined the average size of AgNPs to be 21.49 nm. The average size of AgNPs was measured to be 72 nm by SEM. The cubic crystal structure from XRD analysis confirmed the synthesized particles as silver nanoparticles. The AgNPs exhibited remarkable antioxidant properties, as determined by DPPH and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The AgNPs also exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against two Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. subtilis) and two Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and R. solanacearum). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgNPs towards bacterial growth was evaluated. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was further confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and SEM analysis.
