Effects of multivitamin, mineral and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on aggression among long-stay psychiatric in-patients: randomised clinical trial
Department of Psychosis Research, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Netherlands; and Department of Clinical Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands
Lucas Joos
Sector psychosezorg, PZ Bethaniënhuis, Belgium
Annelies van Strater
Fit op Weg poli Spijkenisse, GGZ Delfland, The Netherlands
Tine de Ridder
PZ Campus Amedeus, Zorggroep Multiversum, Belgium
Joost J. Stolker
High Intensive Care, GGZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Background Aggression and violent incidents are a major concern in psychiatric in-patient care. Nutritional supplementation has been found to reduce aggressive incidents and rule violations in forensic populations and children with behavioural problems. Aims To assess whether multivitamin, mineral and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation would reduce the number of aggressive incidents among long-stay psychiatric in-patients. Method The trial was a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Data were collected from 25 July 2016 to 29 October 2019, at eight local sites for mental healthcare in The Netherlands and Belgium. Participants were randomised (1:1) to receive 6-month treatment with either three supplements containing multivitamins, minerals and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, or placebo. The primary outcome was the number of aggressive incidents, determined by the Staff Observation Aggression Scale – Revised (SOAS-R). Secondary outcomes were patient quality of life, affective symptoms and adverse events. Results In total, 176 participants were randomised (supplements, n = 87; placebo, n = 89). Participants were on average 49.3 years old (s.d. 14.5) and 64.2% were male. Most patients had a psychotic disorder (60.8%). The primary outcome of SOAS-R incidents was similar in supplement (1.03 incidents per month, 95% CI 0.74–1.37) and placebo groups (0.90 incidents per month, 95% CI 0.65–1.19), with a rate ratio of 1.08 (95% CI 0.67–1.74, P = 0.75). Differential effects were not found in sensitivity analyses on the SOAS-R or on secondary outcomes. Conclusions Six months of nutritional supplementation did not reduce aggressive incidents among long-stay psychiatric in-patients.
