Plasmodium falciparum specific helicase 3 is nucleocytoplasmic protein and unwinds DNA duplex in 3′ to 5′ direction

Abstract

Abstract Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for most dangerous and prevalent form of malaria. The emergence of multi drug resistant parasite hindered the prevention of malaria burden worldwide. Helicases are omnipresent enzymes, which play important role in nucleic acid metabolism and can be used as potential targets for development of novel therapeutics. The genome wide analysis of P. falciparum 3D7 strain revealed some novel parasite specific helicases, which are not present in human host. Here we report the detailed biochemical characterization of P. falciparum parasite specific helicase 3 (PfPSH3). The characteristic ATPase and helicase activities of PfPSH3 reside in its N-terminal region (PfPSH3N) as it contains all the conserved signature motifs whereas the C-terminal does not show any detectable biochemical activity. PfPSH3N also shows DNA helicase activity in the 3′–5′ direction. The immunofluorescence microscopy results show that PSH3 is localized in nucleus as well as in cytoplasm during different stages such as trophozoite and early schizont stages of intraerythrocytic development. This report sets the foundation for further study of parasite specific helicases and will be helpful in understanding the parasite biology.