Ambient Nanoparticles (PM<sub>0.1</sub>) Mapping in Thailand
Worradorn Phairuang,
Suthida Piriyakarnsakul,
Muanfun Inerb,
Surapa Hongtieab,
Thunyapat Thongyen,
Jiraporn Chomanee,
Yaowatat Boongla,
Phuchiwan Suriyawong,
Hisam Samae,
Phuvasa Chanonmuang,
Panwadee Suwattiga,
Thaneeya Chetiyanukornkul,
Sirima Panyametheekul,
Muhammad Amin,
Mitsuhiko Hata,
Masami Furuuchi
Affiliations
Worradorn Phairuang
Faculty of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
Suthida Piriyakarnsakul
Office of National Higher Education Science Research and Innovation Policy Council, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
Muanfun Inerb
Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand
Surapa Hongtieab
Faculty of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
Thunyapat Thongyen
Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Jiraporn Chomanee
Department of Basic Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Songkhla 90000, Thailand
Yaowatat Boongla
Department of Sustainable Development Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathumtani 12121, Thailand
Phuchiwan Suriyawong
Research Unit for Energy, Economic, and Ecological Management (3E), Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Hisam Samae
Research Unit for Energy, Economic, and Ecological Management (3E), Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Phuvasa Chanonmuang
Expert Centre of Innovative Clean Energy and Environment, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Klong Luang, Pathumtani 12120, Thailand
Panwadee Suwattiga
Department of Agro-Industrial, Food and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Applied Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
Thaneeya Chetiyanukornkul
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Sirima Panyametheekul
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
Muhammad Amin
Faculty of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
Mitsuhiko Hata
Faculty of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
Masami Furuuchi
Faculty of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
Nanoparticles (NPs), nanoaerosols (NAs), ultrafine particles (UFPs), and PM0.1 (diameters ≤ 0.1 µm or 100 nm) are used interchangeably in the field of atmospheric studies. This review article summarizes recent research on PM0.1 in Thailand. The review involved peer-reviewed papers that appeared in the Scopus and the Web of Science databases and included the most recently published articles in the past 10 years (2013–2022). PM0.1 mainly originate from combustion processes such as in motor vehicles. The highest mass concentration of PM0.1 occurs during the dry season, in which open fires occur in some regions of Thailand. The northern area of the country has higher PM0.1 mass concentrations, followed by the central and southern areas. Carbonaceous nanoaerosols are produced during normal periods, and the proportions of organic to elemental carbon and char to soot suggest that these originate from motor vehicles. However, in haze periods, biomass fires can also produce carbon-containing particles. PM0.1 pollution from local and cross-border countries also needs to be considered. The overall conclusions reached will likely have a beneficial long-term impact on achieving a blue sky over Thailand through the development of coherent policies and managing new air pollution challenges and sharing knowledge with a broader audience.
