Pentahydroxyscirpene—Producing Strains, Formation In Planta, and Natural Occurrence
Elisabeth Varga,
Gerlinde Wiesenberger,
Philipp Fruhmann,
Alexandra Malachová,
Thomas Svoboda,
Marc Lemmens,
Gerhard Adam,
Franz Berthiller
Affiliations
Elisabeth Varga
Center for Analytical Chemistry and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, Tulln 3430, Austria
Gerlinde Wiesenberger
Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, Tulln 3430, Austria
Philipp Fruhmann
Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology (VUT), Getreidemarkt 9/163, Vienna 1060, Austria
Alexandra Malachová
Center for Analytical Chemistry and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, Tulln 3430, Austria
Thomas Svoboda
Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, Tulln 3430, Austria
Marc Lemmens
Institute for Biotechnology in Plant Production, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, Tulln 3430, Austria
Gerhard Adam
Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, Tulln 3430, Austria
Franz Berthiller
Center for Analytical Chemistry and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Metabolism, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 20, Tulln 3430, Austria
Trichothecenes are a class of structurally diverse mycotoxins with more than 200 naturally occurring compounds. Previously, a new compound, pentahydroxyscirpene (PHS), was reported as a byproduct of a nivalenol producing Fusarium strain, IFA189. PHS contains a hydroxy group at C-8 instead of the keto group of type B trichothecenes. In this work, we demonstrate that IFA189 belongs to the species Fusarium kyushuense using molecular tools. Production of PHS in vitro was also observed for several isolates of other Fusarium species producing nivalenol. Furthermore, we report the formation of 4-acetyl-PHS by F. kyushuense on inoculated rice. Wheat ears of the variety Remus were infected with IFA189 and the in planta production of PHS was confirmed. Natural occurrence of PHS was verified in barley samples from the Czech Republic using a liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method validated for this purpose. Toxicity of PHS to wheat ribosomes was evaluated with a coupled in vitro transcription and translation assay, which showed that PHS inhibits protein biosynthesis slightly less than nivalenol and deoxynivalenol.
