THE GOLDEN HORDE AND THE PENZA REGION

Abstract

After the Mongol invasion, the few remaining monuments of the Upper Posurye and Moksha region became part of the Golden Horde, and the population of this region, preserving old traditions, gradually began to play an important role in the life of the new state. Archaeological studies of the monuments of this period (primarily the Narovchatsky settlement and the Nikolsky settlement) indicate the high development of the material culture of the Upper Posurye and Moksha region during this period. Agriculture, cattle breeding, and crafts continued to develop here, and copper and silver coins were minted. Goods from Old Rus and Central Asia penetrated here along trade routes. This allows the authors to conclude that during the Golden Horde, life in the territory of Upper Posurye and Moksha region did not subside, the local population continued to actively contact other regions, and the settlements that remained on this territory turned into large cultural and trade centers.

Keywords

• archaeology
• golden horde
• the volga bulgaria
• upper sura river region
• moksa river region
• narovchat settlement
• mukhsi
• nikolskoye settlement
• material culture