Synthesis and characterization of Jamun pulp based M-type barium hexaferrite via sol–gel auto-combustion

Abstract

M-type barium hexaferrite (BHF) is frequently used for permanent magnet preparation. Herein, we have synthesized BHF via sol–gel-auto-combustion route using Jamun pulp which perform multiple functions such as natural fuel, green reducing agent and ecofriendly chelating agent. The effect of Jamun pulp concentration (10–60 g/100 mL of water) on structural, morphological properties, coercivity and the saturation magnetization of BHF has been studied for the first time. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed phase purity of BHF (i.e. absence of even traces of intermediate phase (α-Fe2O3 and BaFe2O4.) at 50 g/100 mL of water and higher Jamun pulp concentration. Further, the c/a ratio <3.98 in all the samples confirmed the presence of M-type BHF. The desired morphology and highest grain size corresponding to 50 g Jamun pulp, were identified using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. The best dielectric property was observed for sample prepared at 50 g Jamun pulp concentration. The coercivity (Hc) and the saturation magnetization (Ms) of samples varied between 2077 to 5036 Oe and 35.92 to 58.97 emu/g, respectively.

Keywords

• Sol-gel-auto-combustion
• Green fuel
• Jamun pulp
• Chelating agent
• Saturation magnetization