In vitro</font></i><font size="3"> response of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L. seeds cultivar 'Ica Pijao' irradiated with different doses of Gamma radiation

Abstract

The lower yields in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) worldwide is due primarily to abiotic factors. For this reason the search for tolerant varieties is one of the objectives of the breeding programs in this species. The use of mutagenesis joined with somaclonal variation, it is a tool to increase the genetic variability in the crop. The objective of this work was to determine the in vitro response of common bean seeds cultivar `Ica Pijao' exposed to different doses of Gamma radiation. The doses tested were 0, 80, 90, 100, 200, 300 and 400 Gy. It assessed the in vitro seed germination. In the callus formation and proliferation, we determined the fresh weight (g) at 21, 42 and 63 days of culture. 100% of seed germination was achieved with radiation doses studied. However, it were observed damages in callus formation with doses of 300 and 400 Gy. With 80 and 90Gy, higher values of fresh mass it were reached, with significant differences with doses of 100 and 200 Gy. Plants regeneration was affected and with doses of 80, 90, 100 and 200Gy young shoots were formed. The results showed that for the variety `Ica Pijao' doses above 90 Gy, undertake callus formation and multiplication, as well as plant regeneration. Keywords: beans, breeding, callus, in vitro mutations, radiosensitivity, variability