Frontiers in Physics (Jul 2022)
Numerical Computations of Entropy Generation and MHD Ferrofluid Filled in a Closed Wavy Configuration: Finite Element Based Study
Abstract
In this article, the thermal flow effects of inclined magnetohydrodynamics ferrofluid filled in a wavy cavity are studied by adopting the finite element method (FEM). The non-dimensional governing equations and model for different parameters are evaluated. The system of non-linear algebraic equations is computed by adopting the Newton method. A space involving quadratic polynomials (ℙ2) has been selected to compute for the velocity profile, while the pressure and temperature profiles are approximated by linear (ℙ1) finite element space of functions. The discrete systems of non-linear algebraic equations are computed by utilizing the Newton method. The vertical walls are considered cold, whereas the bottom wavy surface is considered hot and the top wavy surface is insulated. The effect of the pertinent parameters, like Ra=105, volume fraction (0.00≤ϕ≤0.06), inclination angle (0∘≤γ≤90∘), and amplitude of the wavy surface (0.02≤AR≤0.08) is investigated. Computational results are addressed as streamlines out, isotherms, and proper graphs for substantial amounts of interest. Increasing Hartmann number (Ha) leads to an increase in Bejan number (Be), while opposite behavior can be observed in the case of viscous, magnetic, and thermal irreversibility, that is, curves are decreased by increasing Ha. Under the influence of an inclined magnetic field, the mathematical structuring of the problem is manifested by continuity, momentum, and energy equations. These equations are solved by using the finite element method computation. The graphs of velocity and isotherm are compared to the relevant parameters. To predict the flow characteristics at different locations, cross-sectional lines representing the velocity field in the horizontal and vertical directions are also drawn. Magnetization’s impact on flow control, heat transfer, and various irreversibilities are also discussed. The Nuavg progressively declined with the enhancement in the amplitude of the wavy surface AR.
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