Proportion, order and construction. Viollet-le-Duc and the temples in Paestum

Abstract

The archaeological area of Paestum is one of the most complex testimonies of Magna Graecia. Since its “rediscovery” in the mid-18th century, it has represented a paradigm for the knowledge on ancient architecture. The Doric temples of the site – recognized as archetypal constructive models – have been the object of numerous studies, surveys, iconographic representations and scientific publications. Many architects, painters, engravers, archaeologists and scholars have investigated the structures of the ancient city. Viollet-le-Duc was among those who visited Paestum in 1836. Here, the French architect observed the architecture of the site, recognizing its inestimable value and, through the representation of the Temple of Neptune, was able to identify some issues on which he was to later reflect. Taking into account these premises, the paper intends to present a brief report on the experiences of other French architects who studied the temples before Viollet-le-Duc, and of the artists who portrayed them, as well as the interventions of restoration conducted on the ancient structures up to 1836, in order to define a clear reference frame. The essay also focuses on Viollet-le-Duc’s visit to the archaeological area and the influence this had on his intellectual growth, especially with respect to the comprehension of constructive principles of ancient architecture, which is a fundamental element for the interpretation of the medieval art of building.