The Astronomical Journal (Jan 2025)
The TESS–Keck Survey. XXIV. Outer Giants May Be More Prevalent in the Presence of Inner Small Planets
- Judah Van Zandt,
- Erik A. Petigura,
- Jack Lubin,
- Lauren M. Weiss,
- Emma V. Turtelboom,
- Tara Fetherolf,
- Joseph M. Akana Murphy,
- Ian J. M. Crossfield,
- Gregory J. Gilbert,
- Teo Močnik,
- Natalie M. Batalha,
- Courtney Dressing,
- Benjamin Fulton,
- Andrew W. Howard,
- Daniel Huber,
- Howard Isaacson,
- Stephen R. Kane,
- Paul Robertson,
- Arpita Roy,
- Isabel Angelo,
- Aida Behmard,
- Corey Beard,
- Ashley Chontos,
- Fei Dai,
- Steven Giacalone,
- Michelle L. Hill,
- Rae Holcomb,
- Steve B. Howell,
- Andrew W. Mayo,
- Daria Pidhorodetska,
- Alex S. Polanski,
- James Rogers,
- Lee J. Rosenthal,
- Ryan A. Rubenzahl,
- Nicholas Scarsdale,
- Dakotah Tyler,
- Samuel W. Yee,
- Jon Zink
Affiliations
- Judah Van Zandt
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; [email protected]
- Erik A. Petigura
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; [email protected]
- Jack Lubin
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; [email protected]
- Lauren M. Weiss
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Emma V. Turtelboom
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Tara Fetherolf
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California , Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Joseph M. Akana Murphy
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Ian J. M. Crossfield
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Kansas , 1082 Malott, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Gregory J. Gilbert
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; [email protected]
- Teo Močnik
- ORCiD
- Gemini Observatory/NSF NOIRLab , 670 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
- Natalie M. Batalha
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
- Courtney Dressing
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Benjamin Fulton
- ORCiD
- NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/Caltech-IPAC , MC 314-6, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Andrew W. Howard
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Daniel Huber
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney , NSW 2006, Australia
- Howard Isaacson
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Centre for Astrophysics, University of Southern Queensland , Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
- Stephen R. Kane
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California , Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Paul Robertson
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Arpita Roy
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Isabel Angelo
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; [email protected]
- Aida Behmard
- ORCiD
- American Museum of Natural History , 200 Central Park West, Manhattan, NY 10024, USA
- Corey Beard
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Ashley Chontos
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- Fei Dai
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i , 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Steven Giacalone
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Michelle L. Hill
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California , Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Rae Holcomb
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Steve B. Howell
- ORCiD
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute , 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Andrew W. Mayo
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; [email protected]; Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley , Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Daria Pidhorodetska
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California , Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Alex S. Polanski
- ORCiD
- University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- James Rogers
- ORCiD
- University of Toronto Mississauga , 3359 Mississauga Road, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Lee J. Rosenthal
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Ryan A. Rubenzahl
- ORCiD
- NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Nicholas Scarsdale
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California , Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
- Dakotah Tyler
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; [email protected]
- Samuel W. Yee
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas , Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Jon Zink
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/adbbed
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 169,
no. 5
p. 235
Abstract
We present the results of the Distant Giants Survey, a 3 yr radial velocity (RV) campaign to search for wide-separation giant planets orbiting Sun-like stars known to host an inner transiting planet. We defined a distant giant (DG) to have a = 1–10 au and ${M}_{p}\sin i=$ 70–4000 M _⊕ = 0.2–12.5 M _J , and required transiting planets to have a < 1 au and R _p = 1–4 R _⊕ . We assembled our sample of 47 stars using a single selection function and observed each star at monthly intervals to obtain ≈30 RV observations per target. The final catalog includes a total of 12 distant companions: four giant planets detected during our survey, two previously known giant planets, and six objects of uncertain disposition identified through RV/astrometric accelerations. Statistically, half of the uncertain objects are planets and the remainder are stars/brown dwarfs. We calculated target-by-target completeness maps to account for missed planets. We found evidence for a moderate enhancement of DGs in the presence of close-in small planets (CSs), P(DG∣CS) = ${31}_{-11}^{+12}$ %, over the field rate of P(DG) = $1{6}_{-2}^{+2} \% $ . No enhancement is disfavored ( p ∼ 8%). In contrast to a previous study, we found no evidence that stellar metallicity raises the enhancement of P(DG∣CS) over P(DG). We found evidence that DG companions preferentially accompany shorter-period CS planets and have lower eccentricities than randomly selected giant planets. This points toward a nuanced picture of dynamically cool formation in which giants interact with, but do not disrupt, their inner systems.
Keywords
