Simultaneity of the Senses in the “Sirens” Chapter: Intermediality and Synaesthesia in James Joyce’s Ulysses

Abstract

This article explores intermediality and synaesthesia in James Joyce’s Ulysses, particularly focusing on the “Sirens” chapter. It examines how Joyce, akin to Johann Sebastian Bach’s innovative musical techniques and Richard Wagner’s Gesamtkunstwerk concept, weaves a rich tapestry of sensory experiences through his narrative. Joyce’s use of intermedial techniques transcends traditional literary forms, creating a synaesthetic experience that blends visual and auditory elements. With this approach, he manages to convey a sense of simultaneity and polyphony that resembles a musical harmony, which is demonstrated through a detailed analysis of the structure, motifs, and thematic elements of the chapter. The article highlights how Joyce’s own innovative narrative techniques mirror musical composition techniques by Bach and Wagner, particularly in their use of fragmented polyphony, Klangfarbenmelodie, the alliterative preparation of words, leitmotifs, and thematic development, offering a reading experience that challenges and expands the boundaries of literary expression.

Keywords

• james joyce
• ulysses
• intermediality
• synaesthesia
• polyphony in literature
• musical motifs
• richard wagner
• johann sebastian bach