Toxins (Mar 2023)

Long-Term Administration of <i>Vespa velutina nigrithorax</i> Venom Ameliorates Alzheimer’s Phenotypes in 5xFAD Transgenic Mice

  • Yoon Ah Jeong,
  • Hyun Seok Yun,
  • Yoonsu Kim,
  • Chan Ho Jang,
  • Ji Sun Lim,
  • Hyo Jung Kim,
  • Moon Bo Choi,
  • Jae Woo Jung,
  • Jisun Oh,
  • Jong-Sang Kim

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15030203
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 15, no. 3
p. 203

Abstract

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by progressive and irreversible impairment of cognitive functions. However, its etiology is poorly understood, and therapeutic interventions are limited. Our preliminary study revealed that wasp venom (WV) from Vespa velutina nigrithorax can prevent lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory signaling, which is strongly implicated in AD pathogenesis. Therefore, we examined whether WV administration can ameliorate major AD phenotypes in the 5xFAD transgenic mouse model. Adult 5xFAD transgenic mice (6.5 months of age) were treated with WV by intraperitoneal injection at 250 or 400 μg/kg body weight once weekly for 14 consecutive weeks. This administration regimen improved procedural, spatial, and working memory deficits as assessed by the passive avoidance, Morris water maze, and Y-maze tasks, respectively. It also attenuated histological damage and amyloid-beta plaque formation in the hippocampal region and decreased expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors in the hippocampus and cerebrum, while it reduced oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde in the brain and liver and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in the plasma). Overall, these findings suggest that long-term administration of WV may alleviate AD-related symptoms and pathological phenotypes.

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