Recent progress of 4D printing technology

Abstract

4D Printing technology can achieve additive manufacturing of smart materials. Recent progresses of 4D printing composite materials, shape memory polymers, shape memory alloys and other smart materials were reviewed. 4D printing technology is developing towards multi-material precise compounding, fast response and functional forming materials recently. 4D printing technology of shape memory polymers is developing towards shape controllable and accurate movement. 4D printing technology of shape memory alloys is developing towards precise control of phase transition behavior and deformation controllable. Several considerations about 4D printing shape memory alloys were proposed based on unsolved problems, such as： the factors should be considered for obtaining near-full dense 4D printed shape memory alloys，effect of voids on its comprehensive properties，regulation of structure and properties，and deformation control，etc. Overall, with the development of new materials, forming methods, control software and machine accuracy, 4D printing technology is developed rapidly, and is gradually moving towards intellectualization, accuracy and efficiency.

Keywords

• 4D printing
• smart materials
• additive manufacturing
• microstructure and property