Chromium phosphide nanoparticles embedded in porous nitrogen‐/phosphorus‐doped carbon as efficient electrocatalysts for a nitrogen reduction reaction

Abstract

Abstract The resource recovery of heavy metals from effluent has significant environmental implications and potential commercial value. Chromium phosphide nanoparticles embedded in a nitrogen‐/phosphorus‐doped porous carbon matrix (CrP/NPC) are synthesized via a consecutive Cr6+ leachate treatment and resource recovery process. Electrochemical testing shows that CrP/NPC shows excellent nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) performance, which yields the highest NH3 production rate of 22.56 μg h−1 mg−1cat. and Faradaic efficiency (16.37%) at −0.5 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode in a 0.05 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution, as well as robust catalytic stability. The isotopic experiments using 15N2 as a nitrogen source confirm that the detected NH3 is derived from the NRR process. Finally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the electron deficiency environment of the Cr site can significantly reduce the barrier of the NRR process and promote the formation of intermediate species.

Keywords

• biosynthesis
• carbon‐based materials
• chromium phosphide
• leachate treatment
• nitrogen reduction reaction
• resource recovery