Development of a New Evaporation Exposure Model: Chemical Product Evaporation Model (CPEM)

Abstract

The evaporation of chemicals in applied chemical products such as cleaning products and paint has been evaluated using the evaporation mode of the ConsExpo model. However, it remains controversial whether the ConsExpo model can be used for non-applied chemical products such as air fresheners, because the ConsExpo model assumes that the mass of the non-applied chemical products does not change during the time of use. If most of the materials in the product are volatile, the product mass can decrease. To explain the effect of a change in product mass, the ‘Chemical Product Evaporation Model (CPEM)’ was developed. This study demonstrated that the product mass decreases linearly when the surface area of the product is invariant, theoretically and experimentally. It was found that the ConsExpo evaporation model can be applied to products in which the other materials do not evaporate, and the CPEM can be applied to products in which the other materials are volatile. If the target substance in a product evaporates completely before the exhaustion time, the average concentration of a target substance in the air can be estimated simply from its initial concentration in the product and the product mass reduction rate. Otherwise, we recommend using the CPEM.

Keywords

• inhalation exposure
• evaporation
• Chemical Product Evaporation Model (CPEM)
• ConsExpo model
• mass-balance model