Depression treatment in women and men with bipolar affective disorder: a comparative study

Abstract

Objective: to compare depression treatment efficacy with and without antidepressants (ADs) in men and women with bipolar affective disorder (BAD).Patients and methods. We enrolled 100 patients with BAD (F31.3–F31.5 according to ICD-10), including 50 women aged 33.0 [23.0; 50.2] years and 50 men aged 37.5 [29.5; 47.2] years using prospective and retrospective methods. Various antidepressants, normothymics, antipsychotics combinations were used to treat depression. We performed a comparative analysis of treatment efficacy with and without antidepressants in men and women subgroups. Clinical assessment at the baseline and the end of 1, 2, 4, 6-th week of therapy (or at discharge) included a specially developed clinical examination chart and the following psychometric scales: Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Clinical Global Impression – Severity of illness (CGI-S), Clinical Global Impression – Improvement (CGI-I).Results and discussion. Women tended to have a slower improvement in the condition compared to men. Maximum reduction in MADRS score and a CGI-I, CGI-S higher frequency of clinical improvement and remission was observed in men and women who did not receive antidepressants than patients who did not receive antidepressants. When BAD type was included in the analysis, in patients treated with antidepressants, transient symptoms of the opposite pole occurred in 24.7% of patients of both sexes with bipolar affective I disorder (BAD I) and in 16.8% with bipolar affective II disorder (BAD II). There were no significant gender differences in patients with BAD I, while women predominated in BAD II group (22.5% compared to 7.8% men). No significant treatment-emergent affective switch was observed with tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors in both groups (21; 16.7; 16.7% in men and 28; 21.8; 12.5% in women, respectively). The assessment of intermission revealed that women were significantly more likely to have shorter periods between phases (42% compared to 22% in men). In addition, women were significantly more likely to have shorter periods between phases (42% compared to 22% in men) when the intermission duration was included in the analysis. In some patients with severe depression and infective first-line therapy (anticonvulsants and atypical antipsychotics), antidepressants prescription can increase treatment effectiveness. However, several factors should be considered, such as BAD type and variant, depression severity, treatment-emergent affective switch in history, and gender.Conclusion. A decision about antidepressants' dosage and treatment duration requires a dynamic follow-up of the patient in order to discontinue the antidepressants as fast as possible and decrease the risk of treatment-emergent affective switch and shortening of remission period.

Keywords

• depression
• bipolar affective disorder
• psychopharmacotherapy
• antidepressants
• treatment-emergent affective switch
• intermission