Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity (Oct 2020)
Differences in the Association Among the Vitamin D Concentration, Dietary Macronutrient Consumption, and Metabolic Syndrome Depending on Pre- and Postmenopausal Status in Korean Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
Hyejin Chun,1 Gi Dae Kim,2 Miae Doo3 1Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13496, Republic of Korea; 2Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Changwon, Gyeongnam 51767, Republic of Korea; 3Department of Food and Nutrition, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, Jeonbuk 54150, Republic of KoreaCorrespondence: Miae DooDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Kunsan National University, Daehak-Ro 558, Gunsan, Jeonbuk 54150, Republic of KoreaTel +82-63-469-4635Fax +82-63-469-2085Email [email protected] and Objectives: To assess whether the consumption of dietary macronutrient could change metabolic syndrome (MetS) related to vitamin D deficiency according to menopausal status.Methods and Study Design: In a cross-sectional study of 8326 Korean women from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V (2010– 2012), we investigated the combined interaction effect of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and menopausal status on MetS-related variables.Results: The prevalence rates of 25(OH)D deficiency (vitamin D < 50 nmol/L) among premenopausal and postmenopausal women were 84.5% and 67.9%, respectively. Significant differences in MetS-related variables such as body mass index (P< 0.001), waist circumference (P=0.005), fast glucose (P=0.048), triglycerides (P=0.001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.027) based on 25(OH)D concentration were observed among postmenopausal women but not among premenopausal women. Among the postmenopausal women with high consumption of dietary carbohydrate, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) [95% confidence intervals (95% CIs)] of MetS among participants with 25(OH)D deficiency increased 1.380-fold (95% CI = 1.086– 1.753) using the 25(OH)D-sufficient group as a reference. In contrast, the participants with 25(OH)D deficiency showed an increased risk of MetS [OR (95% CI) = 1.313 (1.041– 1.655)] with low-fat consumption. However, the aforementioned findings did not differ among premenopausal women.Conclusion: Thus, MetS due to 25(OH)D deficiency among postmenopausal women may be modified by the consumption of dietary macronutrient.Keywords: dietary macronutrient, Korean national health and nutrition examination survey, menopausal status, metabolic syndrome, vitamin D
