Chemical Characterization of Flowers and Leaf Extracts Obtained from <i>Turnera subulata</i> and Their Immunomodulatory Effect on LPS-Activated RAW 264.7 Macrophages
Jefferson Romáryo Duarte da Luz,
Eder A. Barbosa,
Thayse Evellyn Silva do Nascimento,
Adriana Augusto de Rezende,
Marcela Abbott Galvão Ururahy,
Adriana da Silva Brito,
Gabriel Araujo-Silva,
Jorge A. López,
Maria das Graças Almeida
Affiliations
Jefferson Romáryo Duarte da Luz
Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n—Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
Eder A. Barbosa
Laboratory of Synthesis and Analysis of Biomolecules (LSAB), Institute of Chemistry, Darcy Ribeiro University Campus, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
Thayse Evellyn Silva do Nascimento
Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, DACT, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n—Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
Adriana Augusto de Rezende
Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n—Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
Marcela Abbott Galvão Ururahy
Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n—Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
Adriana da Silva Brito
Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairi (FACISA/UFRN), R. Passos de Miranda, Santa Cruz 59200-000, RN, Brazil
Gabriel Araujo-Silva
Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Amapá State University (UEAP), Av. Presidente Vargas, s/n, Centro, Macapá 68900-070, AP, Brazil
Jorge A. López
Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, DACT, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n—Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
Maria das Graças Almeida
Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, R. Gen. Gustavo Cordeiro de Farias, s/n—Petrópolis, Natal 59012-570, RN, Brazil
The anti-inflammatory properties of Turnera subulata have been evaluated as an alternative drug approach to treating several inflammatory processes. Accordingly, in this study, aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of T. subulata flowers and leaves were analyzed regarding their phytocomposition by ultrafast liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and their anti-inflammatory properties were assessed by an in vitro inflammation model, using LPS-stimulated RAW-264.7 macrophages. The phytochemical profile indicated vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside as an important constituent in both extracts, while methoxyisoflavones, some bulky amino acids (e.g., tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine), pheophorbides, and octadecatrienoic, stearidonic, and ferulic acids were detected in hydroalcoholic extracts. The extracts displayed the ability to modulate the in vitro inflammatory response by altering the secretion of proinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines and inhibiting the PGE-2 and NO production. Overall, for the first time, putative compounds from T. subulata flowers and leaves were characterized, which can modulate the inflammatory process. Therefore, the data highlight this plant as an option to obtain extracts for phytotherapic formulations to treat and/or prevent chronic diseases.
