Individual and environmental variables related to outdoor walking among older adults: Verifying a model to guide the design of interventions targeting outdoor walking.

Abstract

ObjectiveTo estimate the relationships between individual and environmental variables and outdoor walking (OW) in older adults with OW limitations through verifying a conceptual model.MethodsBaseline data from 205 older adults participating in a randomized trial of a park-based OW program were analyzed using structural equation modeling. We evaluated a three latent factor model: OW (accelerometry and self-report); individual factors (balance; leg strength; walking self-confidence, speed and endurance; mental health; education; income; car access); and environmental factors (neighbourhood walkability components).ResultsMean age was 75 years; 73% were women. Individual factors was significantly associated with OW (β = 0.39, p ConclusionsBetter walking capacity and more confidence in the ability to walk outdoors are associated with higher OW in older adults. Better neighbourhood walkability is indirectly associated with more OW. The conceptual model demonstrates an individual and environment association; if the capacity of the individual is increased (potentially through walking interventions), they may be able to better navigate environmental challenges.