Клинический разбор в общей медицине (Jan 2024)
Original article Experience in the use of genetically engineered biological drugs for severe bronchial asthma in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Abstract
In the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), from 2001 to 2020, the incidence of asthma is increasing from 4.1 per 1000 population to 12.5 per 1000 population. Considering that currently one of the most effective modern methods of treating severe asthma is genetic engineering biological therapy, research on biologically active medications, as well as the lack of research on this problem in the Yakut population, our work seems relevant. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment with genetic engineering biological drugs (GEBD) in patients with severe asthma in the Yakut population. The study included 17 patients suffering from severe asthma. In 5 patients with severe asthma, the effectiveness of the following GEBD was assessed: anti IL-4, IL-13 drug, in 6 patients – anti IL-5 drug, in 6 patients – anti IgE drug. The effectiveness of treatment was assessed using the ACQ-5 symptom control test, the number of exacerbations over the previous 12 months of asthma therapy, IgE levels, the absolute number of eosinophils, indicators of external respiratory function, and the need of patients for additional asthma therapy. Before initiation, 8 (47.10%) patients had exacerbations and sought medical help; 2 patients were hospitalized in the pulmonology department; after 6 and 12 months, no exacerbations or hospitalizations in specialized hospitals were registered. When using a GEBD for 12 months, the need for inhaled corticosteroids decreased in micrograms/day. Thus, treatment of severe asthma in the Yakut population with GEBD makes it possible to achieve control over its symptoms, reduce the risk of severe exacerbations and the number of hospitalizations, and prevent side effects from high doses of standard therapy.
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