Expert Review of Vaccines (Dec 2024)

Effectiveness of primary series, first, and second booster vaccination of monovalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and severe diseases during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.5 epidemic in Japan: vaccine effectiveness real-time surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 (VERSUS)

  • Haruka Maeda,
  • Nobuo Saito,
  • Ataru Igarashi,
  • Masayuki Ishida,
  • Mayumi Terada,
  • Shingo Masuda,
  • Ryosuke Osawa,
  • Naoto Hosokawa,
  • Kei Nakashima,
  • Hiroshi Kamura,
  • Haruki Imura,
  • Hiroki Inoue,
  • Suguru Matsuzaka,
  • Yukihiro Sugimoto,
  • Osamu Kuwamitsu,
  • Iori Motohashi,
  • Toru Morikawa,
  • Rentaro Oda,
  • Yuiko Hoshina,
  • Takashi Matono,
  • Osamu Teshigahara,
  • Eiichiro Sando,
  • Sadaharu Asami,
  • Satoshi Kudo,
  • Noboru Akizuki,
  • Yoshikazu Muto,
  • Tomoichiro Hayakawa,
  • Tomoo Kishaba,
  • Yasuji Ohara,
  • Yoshinao Kubo,
  • Motoi Suzuki,
  • Konosuke Morimoto

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2024.2310807
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 23, no. 1
pp. 213 – 225

Abstract

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Background This study aimed to evaluate VE of primary, first, and second booster ancestral-strain monovalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccination against symptomatic infections and severe diseases in Japan.Methods We conducted a test-negative case-control study. We included medically attended episodes and hospitalizations involving individuals aged [Formula: see text]16 with signs and symptoms from July to November 2022, when Omicron BA.5 was dominant nationwide. To evaluate VE, we calculated adjusted ORs of vaccination among test-positive versus test-negative individuals using a mixed-effects logistic regression.Results For VE against symptomatic infections among individuals aged 16 to 59, VE of primary vaccination at > 180 days was 26.1% (95% CI: 10.6–38.8%); VE of the first booster was 58.5% (48.4–66.7%) at [Formula: see text]90 days, decreasing to 41.1% (29.5–50.8%) at 91 to 180 days. For individuals aged [Formula: see text]60, VE of the first booster was 42.8% (1.7–66.7%) at [Formula: see text]90 days, dropping to 15.4% (−25.9–43.2%) at 91 to 180 days, and then increasing to 44.0% (16.4–62.5%) after the second booster. For VE against severe diseases, VE of the first and second booster was 77.3% (61.2–86.7%) at [Formula: see text]90 days and 55.9% (23.4–74.6%) afterward.Conclusion mRNA booster vaccination provided moderate protection against symptomatic infections and high-level protection against severe diseases during the BA.5 epidemic in Japan.

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