Prevalence of active trachoma among 1–9 years of age children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Objective The objective of this study is to determine the pooled prevalence of active trachoma among 1–9 years old children in Ethiopia.Design A systematic review and meta-analysis were employed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews.Data sources Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, African Journal of Online and Google scholar databases were systematically explored to find studies published in English until July 2023.Eligibility criteria The following criteria apply: (1) condition (Co): studies examined the prevalence of trachoma among children (1–9) years old; (2) context (Co): studies conducted in Ethiopia; (3) population (Pop): studies that were done among children (1–9) years old; (4) study type: observational studies and (5) language: studies published in English.Data extraction and synthesis The data were extracted using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. DerSimonian-Laird random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of active trachoma among 1–9 years old children. Cochrane Q-tests and I2 statistics were used across studies to assess heterogeneity. To identify possible publication bias, Egger’s test was performed.Primary outcome Prevalence of active trachoma among children aged (1-9 years old).Results Overall, a total of 42 articles with 235 005 study participants were included in the final analysis. The estimated pooled prevalence of active trachoma using random effect model was 24% (95% CI 20% to 27%). The subgroup analysis by region revealed that the highest prevalence of trachoma was 36% (95% CI 13% to 58%) in the Tigray region, and publication year revealed the prevalence of trachoma was decreasing from 32% to 19% after 2015.Conclusion In this review, the pooled prevalence of active trachoma was found to be high in Ethiopia compared with WHO threshold level. This underscores the need for increased focus on high-risk age groups to decrease trachoma and to achieve the elimination of trachoma from the country by 2030.