Synthesis, characterization, safety design, and application of NPs@BC for contaminated soil remediation and sustainable agriculture

Abstract

Highlights • Nanoparticle-decorated biochar as remediation materials fosters the attainment of soil remediation and sustainable agriculture. • The synthesis, characterization, soil remediation, and environmental effects of nanoparticle-decorated biochar are described. • A design and selection framework of nanoparticle-decorated biochar is proposed to evaluate the safety in all directions.

Keywords

• Biochar
• Nanotechnology
• Safety design framework
• Soil remediation
• Environment sustainability