Real-Time Fatigue Detection Algorithms Using Machine Learning for Yawning and Eye State

Abstract

Drowsiness while driving is a major factor contributing to traffic accidents, resulting in reduced cognitive performance and increased risk. This article gives a complete analysis of a real-time, non-intrusive sleepiness detection system based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The device analyses video data recorded from an in-vehicle camera to monitor drivers’ facial expressions and detect fatigue indicators such as yawning and eye states. The system is built on a strong architecture and was trained using a diversified dataset under varying lighting circumstances and facial angles. It uses Haar cascade classifiers for facial area extraction and advanced image processing algorithms for fatigue diagnosis. The results demonstrate that the system obtained a 96.54% testing accuracy, demonstrating the efficiency of using behavioural indicators such as yawning frequency and eye state detection to improve performance. The findings show that CNN-based architectures can address major public safety concerns, such as minimizing accidents caused by drowsy driving. This study not only emphasizes the need of deep learning in establishing dependable and practical driver monitoring systems, but it also lays the groundwork for future improvements, such as the incorporation of new behavioural and physiological measurements. The suggested solution is a big step towards increasing road safety and reducing the risks associated with driver weariness.

Keywords

• drowsiness detection
• convolutional neural networks (CNNs)
• VGG16
• yawning detection
• eye closure detection
• Haar cascade classifier