Meta-CF₃-Substituted Analogues of the GFP Chromophore with Remarkable Solvatochromism

Abstract

In this work, we have shown that the introduction of a trifluoromethyl group into the me-ta-position of arylidene imidazolones (GFP chromophore core) leads to a dramatic increase in their fluorescence in nonpolar and aprotic media. The presence of a pronounced solvent-dependent gradation of fluorescence intensity makes it possible to use these substances as fluorescent polarity sensors. In particular, we showed that one of the created compounds could be used for selective labeling of the endoplasmic reticulum of living cells.

Keywords

• GFP
• Kaede
• fluorogen
• fluorescence
• endoplasmic reticulum