The heart of the matter: Cardiac manifestations of endocrine disease

Abstract

Endocrine disorders manifest as a disturbance in the milieu of multiple organ systems. The cardiovascular system may be directly affected or alter its function to maintain the state of homeostasis. In this article, we aim to review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, clinical features and management of cardiac manifestations of various endocrine disorders.

Keywords

• Cardiovascular disease
• endocrine disorders
• hypothyroidism
• pheochromocytoma