Авіаційно-космічна техніка та технологія (Dec 2023)
Organization of communication of devices with internet access based on microcontrollers with limited hardware resources
Abstract
The subject of study in this article and research are technologies and models of remote communication of nodes, as well as individual small-sized components of embedded IoT systems. The goal is to simplify the process of configuration by the end user of the system based on devices with the possibility of communication over Internet. The task is: to analyze the problems and requirements for the creation of IoT systems; to perform the analysis and classification of the hardware components of IoT systems; to analyze the process of the communication between individual elements of IoT system; to perform the research of the communication protocols for IoT; to analyze an existing services for organization of the communication of devices with the possibility of connection to the Internet; to propose the models of the communication of the elements of IoT system. According to the tasks, the following results were obtained. The existing ways and problems of communicating of devices with Internet connection are analyzed. Possible technical solutions and components of IoT systems are analyzed. The classification of the set of components of such IoT systems is performed. The process of selecting the components based on the set of initial requirements with taking into account the parameters of the price, the necessary efforts for customer to deploy the system and the possibility of modification of the system is proposed. The problems of creation of systems with the Internet access using cheap microcontrollers with a small program memory and taking into account the requirements of limited resources is discussed. The process of the communication of the service with the device and connected peripheral modules is described in detail. The analysis of existing protocols for communication between the service and IoT device is performed. The models that describe possible types of interaction of individual nodes are offered. Conclusions. The performed analysis allowed to classify and highlight five types of components for creation of IoT systems and to correlate their price, required efforts for installation and the possibility of modification by customer. The service for simple communication with microcontrollers with limited resources and the open source service for creation of secure smart home system with wide support of protocols are found. The practical significance of this study is the possibility to decide what a set of components is the most suitable for a specific distributed hardware system, as well as the possibility to choose the model of interaction and to choose the communication protocol with finding or creation of the service for IoT communication.
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