Investigation of hydro-thermal behavior of two immiscible fluids in a wavy cavity subjected to an inclined magnetic field and heat flux

Abstract

This study investigates the hydro-thermal behavior of two immiscible fluids in a wavy cavity subjected to an inclined magnetic field and heat flux. The cavity contains a nanofluid layer beneath an air layer, with partial bottom heating and cooled vertical walls. The effects of Rayleigh number (Ra: 103–106), wave amplitude (wa: 0.01–0.15), wave number (wn: 0–6), Hartmann number (Ha: 0–50), magnetic field inclination (γ: 0°-90°), and nanoparticle concentration (φ: 0–0.1) are examined. Results show that increasing Ra enhances heat transfer significantly, with Nuav rising by 203 % from Ra = 103 to 106. Wall waviness effects are more pronounced at lower Ra, while magnetic fields suppress heat transfer at higher Ra. Nanoparticle addition enhances heat transfer, particularly at higher Ra. The study concludes that optimizing cavity geometry, magnetic field parameters, and nanoparticle concentration can significantly improve heat transfer efficiency, especially at higher Ra. These findings provide valuable insights for designing efficient thermal management solutions in various industrial applications.

Keywords

• Heat transfer
• Nanofluid
• Immiscible fluids
• Cavity
• Heat flux
• MHD