Hydroxylated-Benz[a]anthracenes Induce Two Apoptosis-Related Gene Expressions in the Liver of the Nibbler Fish <i>Girella punctata</i>
Muhammad Ahya Rafiuddin,
Hajime Matsubara,
Kaito Hatano,
Masato Honda,
Kenji Toyota,
Kouhei Kuroda,
Keito Tsunoda,
Yukihiro Furusawa,
Yoshiaki Tabuchi,
Tetsushi Hirano,
Akihiro Sakatoku,
Chun-Sang Hong,
Ajai K. Srivastav,
Thumronk Amornsakun,
Nobuaki Shimizu,
Mohamed I. Zanaty,
Tatsuo Harumi,
Kohei Yamauchi,
Tamás Müller,
Ning Tang,
Atsuhiko Hattori,
Kazuichi Hayakawa,
Nobuo Suzuki
Affiliations
Muhammad Ahya Rafiuddin
Noto Center for Fisheries Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Ossaka, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0552, Japan
Hajime Matsubara
Noto Center for Fisheries Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Ossaka, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0552, Japan
Kaito Hatano
Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
Masato Honda
Botanical Garden, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
Kenji Toyota
Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
Kouhei Kuroda
Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
Keito Tsunoda
Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
Yukihiro Furusawa
Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
Yoshiaki Tabuchi
Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
Tetsushi Hirano
Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
Akihiro Sakatoku
School of Science, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
Chun-Sang Hong
Graduate School of Particulate Matter Management, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
Ajai K. Srivastav
Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273-009, India
Thumronk Amornsakun
Fisheries Technology Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani 94000, Thailand
Nobuaki Shimizu
Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
Mohamed I. Zanaty
Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
Tatsuo Harumi
Department of Anatomy, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
Kohei Yamauchi
Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
Tamás Müller
Department of Freshwater Fish Ecology, Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Szent István Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Godollo, Hungary
Ning Tang
Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
Atsuhiko Hattori
Department of Sport and Wellness, College of Sport and Wellness, Rikkyo University, Niiza, Saitama 352-8558, Japan
Kazuichi Hayakawa
Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan
Nobuo Suzuki
Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Ogi, Noto-cho, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known to have toxic effects on fish. In this study, we examined the effects of benz[a]anthracene (BaA), a type of PAH, on fish liver metabolism. Nibbler fish (Girella punctata) were intraperitoneally injected with BaA (10 ng/g body weight) four times over a 10-day period. BaA significantly decreased known bone metabolism-related plasma factors such as calcium and inorganic phosphorus. Moreover, significant reductions were observed in the plasma levels of known liver metabolism-related factors, including ferrous ions, total bile acids, total bilirubin, free bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Interestingly, mono-hydroxylated metabolites of BaA, such as 3 hydroxylbenz[a]anthracene (3-OHBaA), were detected in the bile of BaA-injected nibbler fish. This hydroxylated form of BaA was found in its free form, rather than conjugated with glucuronic acid or sulfuric acid. Due to the lack of whole-genome sequence data for the nibbler fish, two nibbler fish-specific apoptosis-related factors (TNF receptor superfamily member 1A: tnfrsf1a and TNF superfamily member 10: tnfsf10) were isolated by De novo RNA sequencing. In a liver tissue culture, 3-OHBaA (10−6 M) significantly upregulated the expression of tnfrsf1a and tnfsf10 in the liver. These results provide the first evidence that 3-OHBaA metabolites exhibit toxic effects on the liver in teleost.
