Мелиорация и гидротехника (Nov 2024)
THE ORDINARY CHERNOZEM FERTILITY CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ON AN ADAPTIVE LANDSCAPE BASIS
Abstract
Purpose: to develop a set of soil protection measures on an agro-landscape basis. Materials and methods. The soil condition and degradation were studied by G. V. Dobrovolsky’s and V. I. Kiryushin’s methods; remote sensing technologies and the methods of the Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems were used to determine the features of the terrain and the boundaries of agro-landscape strips. The results of the authors’ long-term research were used to analyze the condition and develop soil protection measures on agro-landscapes. Results. Our research over a period of more than 55 years shows that the system of soil protection measures should be organized on an adaptive-landscape basis and include soil protection technologies for cultivating agricultural crops, measures to reduce surface runoff and erosion, protective forest plantations, agrotechnical, meadow reclamation measures and the simplest hydraulic structures, for example, a dam, a ditch-embankment, as well as other measures that must be necessarily tied in with the boundaries of catchment basins. It is known that a dam retained 15.9 t/ha of sediments, calculated per 1 ha of catchment area, the construction of a ditch-embankment in the lower row of protective plantations contributed to the retention of washed-off fine earth in the amount of 0.84–1.74 t/running meter, these structures can perform their functions for more than 40–50 years under certain conditions. Conclusions. In order to preserve and restore the fertility of eroded ordinary chernozems, it is proposed to implement soil-protection farming systems within the boundaries of the catchment area by dividing the territory into agro-landscape strips taking into account the terrain slopes and installing the simplest hydraulic structures. A set of soil-protection measures is proposed for each agro-group.
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