Early Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Patients with Orthostatic Intolerance Without Tachycardia During Head-Up Tilt Test is Independent of Vasovagal Response

Abstract

Background: Cerebral hypoperfusion before syncope has been shown in patients with chronic orthostatic intolerance (OI) without tachycardia, but it is unknown if an initial decrease of cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) could be related to the vasovagal response (VVR) to head-up tilt test (HUTT). Objective: The objective of the study was to compare cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and autonomic variables during HUTT in OI patients with or without a VVR. Methods: We included 74 subjects (58% female, mean age 33 ± 12 years) who underwent a 30-min HUTT and were divided into three groups: OI with VVR positive (VVR+), OI without VVR negative (VVR−), and asymptomatic healthy subjects with negative HUTT (control group). Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and autonomic variables were assessed beat-to-beat during HUTT with a Task Force monitor and a trans-cranial Doppler. Mean values were evaluated at baseline and throughout the first 10 min of tilting. Results: Cardiovascular variables were similar in the three groups. Systolic, diastolic, and mean CBFv were similar in VVR+ and VVR−, but both groups had lower CBFv than the control group. Systolic and diastolic CBFv decreased from baseline since min 1 in VVR+ and VVR− and since min 5 in the control group. The mean CBFv had a significant decrease since min 1 compared to baseline in all groups. Spectral indices of heart rate and blood pressure variability showed a similar autonomic response to HUTT in all groups. Conclusion: Patients with chronic OI without tachycardia have early postural cerebral hypoperfusion, regardless of the VVR during HUTT.

Keywords

• Orthostatic intolerance. Reflex syncope. Cerebral hypoperfusion. Head-up tilt test.