An Unusual Case of Primary Plasma Cell Leukaemia Mimicking Acute Leukaemia: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Abstract

Plasma Cell Leukaemia (PCL) is rare and an aggressive disease accounting for only 2-3% of all plasma cell dyscrasias. Diagnosis is made when there are more than 2x109 /L plasma cells in the peripheral blood or monoclonal plasmacytosis more than 20% of the Total Leucocyte Count (TLC). We report a case of 58-year-old male with history of high grade fever, generalized weakness and giddiness for two to three months. Peripheral blood film revealed marked leucocytosis with 88% of atypical cells resembling blasts. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping confirmed plasmacytic lineage. Bone marrow was planned but the patient deteriorated very rapidly and died within 3 days. PCL has no definitive treatment and has a dismal prognosis, requiring more extensive data to improve the disease course.

Keywords

• flowcytometric
• immunophenotyping
• monoclonal