Long-term use of rosuvastatin: a critical risk benefit appraisal and comparison with other antihyperlipidemics

Abstract

Leonardo CalzaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Nephrologic Diseases, Section of Infectious Diseases, “Alma Mater Studiorum” University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, ItalyAbstract: Rosuvastatin represents the latest inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase introduced in clinical practice for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. In comparative trials, across dose ranges this statin reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and total cholesterol significantly more than atorvastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin, and triglycerides significantly more than simvastatin and pravastatin. In healthy subjects with normal LDL cholesterol and elevated C-reactive protein, rosuvastatin treatment significantly decreased the incidence of cardiovascular events. Its chemical and pharmacokinetic properties (with a low lipophilicity and poor capacity to inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes) suggest a very limited penetration in extrahepatic tissues with a lower risk of muscle toxicity and unlike metabolically mediated drug–drug interactions. This article reviews the most recent data on the pharmacologic and clinical properties of rosuvastatin, in order to enable the correct use of this statin for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.Keywords: statin, HMG-CoA reductase, LDL cholesterol, pharmacokinetics, safety