ESPOCH Congresses (Sep 2021)

Kounis Syndrome in a Clinical Case

  • Ángel Javier Peñafiel Chávez,
  • Alpha Baba Dioubate,
  • Jessica Magali Herrera Abarca,
  • Mauricio Tomas Rivas Contreras

DOI
https://doi.org/10.18502/espoch.v1i6.9663
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 1, no. 6
pp. 255 – 264

Abstract

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Abstract Kounis syndrome is the grouping of an acute coronary artery disease associated with an anaphylactic allergy, in which there is an antigen-antibody reaction caused by the release of inflammatory mediators and mast cells act by causing degranulation, and in this situation there is the presence of cells of inflammation, causing an anaphylactic reaction. There are several triggers that can trigger an allergic reaction and therefore Kounis syndrome, patients with atopy are more susceptible, it has been associated with insect bites, medications and some foods, environmental contamination and some medical conditions. Any age because it has been described even in children. There are not many clinical studies, nor a larger sample of patients to reach a consensus on this pathology. We present a 46-year-old patient who is admitted to the Emergency service of the national institute of cardiology and cardiovascular surgery in Havana. Cuba; with a history of Systemic Arterial Hypertension (HT), which is an increase in blood pressure above the upper limits of normality. Grade II obesity, which is a body mass index ≥ 35. In addition to referred dyslipidemia. In the results according to the diagnostic criteria of Kounis syndrome, the following were found: Signs and symptoms of myocardial ischemia, urticaria, pruritus, dyspnea, sinus tachycardia after bee sting. Electrocardiogram (ECG): With ST segment elevation in 2 or more continuous leads. Echocardiography: Transient segmental motility disorders. Cardiac chambers of preserved size and function. Serum myocardial biomarkers within normal parameters, increased Histamine, Tryptase, leukotriene values. The objective is to describe the clinical characteristics, complementary examinations, their diagnosis, evolution and treatment. It was concluded that the diagnosis of Kounis syndrome is eminently clinical. in itself everything that leads to the activation of mast cells can produce the syndrome. The prognosis depends on the type of Kounis, cardiovascular risk factors and pre-existing coronary artery disease.

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